Moline is a city in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States. The population was 43,768 at the 2000 census.

Moline is one of the Quad Cities, along with neighboring Rock Island and the Iowa cities of Davenport and Bettendorf. The corporate headquarters of Deere & Company and the Quad City International Airport are located in Moline, as well as the Quad Cities campus of Western Illinois University. Moline is a retail hub for the Illinois Quad Cities, as Southpark Mall and numerous big box stores are located in the city. In the mid 1990s, a project known as John Deere Commons led to the revitalization of Moline's central business district.

The name Moline comes from the French Moulin meaning mill. Therefore, Moline was originally a literal milltown.

Due to its historical connections to inventor and industrialist John Deere--who relocated to Moline in 1848 to mass produce his steel plow there--and the company he founded, Moline is known as the "Farm Implement Capital of the World." Because of its location on the Mississippi River and the economies of scale for large-scale farm implement production that quickly developed around Deere & Company, Moline was a major center for the industry from the late nineteenth century through the 1980s.

The Quad City Steamwheelers af2 arena football team and the Quad City Mallards hockey team both play at The MARK of the Quad Cities, located in Moline.