Wikipedia's History of Mensa
Mensa is the largest, oldest, and most famous high-IQ society in the world. The not-for-profit organization restricts its membership to people with high testable IQs. Members must score at the 98th percentile or higher of a standardized, supervised intelligence test. Mensa is formally composed of national groups and the umbrella organization Mensa International.
Roland Berrill, an Australian barrister, and Dr. Lancelot Ware, a British scientist and lawyer, founded Mensa in the United Kingdom in 1946. They had the idea of forming a society for bright people, the only qualification for membership being a high IQ.
The aims are to create a non-political society free from all social distinctions (racial, religious, etc.). The society welcomes all people, regardless of background, whose IQs meet the criteria, with the objective of members enjoying each other’s company and participating in a wide range of social and cultural activities.
Mensa accepts individuals who score at or above the 98th percentile on certain standardized IQ tests, such as the Stanford-Binet. Because different tests are scaled differently, it is not meaningful to compare raw scores between tests, only percentiles. For example, the minimum accepted score on the Stanford-Binet is 132, while for the Cattell it is 148.
In addition to encouraging social interaction among its members, the organization is also involved with programs for gifted children, literacy, and scholarships. The name comes from mensa, the Latin word for “table”, and indicates that it is a round-table society of equals (although the logo can be seen as depicting a square table, or Parsons table).
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